Day

Observances

Season Advent
Cycle Year A
Psalter Week III
Reading

A reading from the Book of Genesis

Genesis 49:2,8-10

1Gather yourselves together, and hear, O ye sons of Jacob, hearken to Israel, your father:

2Juda, thee shall thy brethren praise: thy hand shall be on the necks of thy enemies; the sons of thy father shall bow down to thee.

3Juda is a lion's whelp: to the prey, my son, thou art gone up: resting thou hast couched as a lion, and as a lioness, who shall rouse him? A lion's whelp, etc... This blessing of Juda foretelleth the strength of his tribe, the fertility of his inheritance; and principally that the sceptre and legislative power should not be utterly taken away from his race till about the time of the coming of Christ: as in effect it never was: which is a demonstration against the modern Jews, that the Messiah is long since come; for the sceptre has long since been utterly taken away from Juda.

4The sceptre shall not be taken away from Juda, nor a ruler from his thigh, till he come that is to be sent, and he shall be the expectation of nations.

Gospel

From the Gospel according to Matthew

Matthew 1:1-17

1The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham:

2Abraham begot Isaac. And Isaac begot Jacob. And Jacob begot Judas and his brethren.

3And Judas begot Phares and Zara of Thamar. And Phares begot Esron. And Esron begot Aram.

4And Aram begot Aminadab. And Aminadab begot Naasson. And Naasson begot Salmon.

5And Salmon begot Booz of Rahab. And Booz begot Obed of Ruth. And Obed begot Jesse.

6And Jesse begot David the king. And David the king begot Solomon, of her that had been the wife of Urias.

7And Solomon begot Roboam. And Roboam begot Abia. And Abia begot Asa.

8And Asa begot Josaphat. And Josaphat begot Joram. And Joram begot Ozias.

9And Ozias begot Joatham. And Joatham begot Achaz. And Achaz begot Ezechias.

10And Ezechias begot Manasses. And Manasses begot Amon. And Amon begot Josias.

11And Josias begot Jechonias and his brethren in the transmigration of Babylon.

12And after the transmigration of Babylon, Jechonias begot Salathiel. And Salathiel begot Zorobabel.

13And Zorobabel begot Abiud. And Abiud begot Eliacim. And Eliacim begot Azor.

14And Azor begot Sadoc. And Sadoc begot Achim. And Achim begot Eliud.

15And Eliud begot Eleazar. And Eleazar begot Mathan. And Mathan begot Jacob.

16And Jacob begot Joseph the husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus, who is called Christ. The husband of Mary... The Evangelist gives us rather the pedigree of St. Joseph, than that of the blessed Virgin, to conform to the custom of the Hebrews, who in their genealogies took no notice of women; but as they were near akin, the pedigree of the one sheweth that of the other.

17So all the generations from Abraham to David, are fourteen generations. And from David to the transmigration of Babylon, are fourteen generations: and from the transmigration of Babylon to Christ are fourteen generations.

Gloss

Commentary

On the Reading
  • R 1,4The passage is a public testament: a patriarchal assembly that converts family politics into constitutional claim. The oracle’s force is not prediction-as-calendar but authorization: tribal supremacy and juridical continuity are asserted as the shape of Israel’s future, with an endpoint (“till he come”) that turns ongoing power into provisional custody.
On the Gospel
  • G 1,12,17Matthew opens with a ledger because he is litigating identity. The genealogy is not neutral ancestry but a crafted proof that binds Jesus to Abrahamic promise and Davidic kingship while threading national catastrophe (Babylon) into the same line. The threefold fourteen signals editorial control: history is being made legible as a staged sequence culminating in the named figure at the end.

Genesis stakes a claim about rule remaining in Judah until a destined arrival; Matthew answers by presenting a constructed lineage that places that arrival inside Judah’s documented succession while refusing to let the line look pristine. The texts meet at the question of legitimacy: not sentiment, but title—who has the right to govern, and by what chain of transmission.

Excursus
Genesis 49 is naked politics dressed as prophecy: Jacob’s “blessing” is an investiture speech for the Judahite project, retrofitted to make one tribe’s hegemony look like fate. “Lion’s whelp” isn’t zoology; it’s brand management—royal violence made majestic. The juicy phrase is the bureaucratic one: “sceptre” and “legislative power.” That’s not mysticism; that’s state capacity. The accompanying gloss you’ve pasted (very Douay-ish) then weaponizes the text against “modern Jews” with a crude syllogism: if Judah’s rule persists until Messiah, and Judah’s rule is gone, then Messiah came. It’s rhetorically clever and historically sloppy: it equivocates “sceptre” between dynastic kingship, judicial authority, and ethnic persistence, then picks whichever definition yields a clean Christian proof. It also quietly admits the real anxiety: legitimacy is a paperwork problem. Matthew 1 answers that anxiety with more paperwork. The genealogy is a legal fiction in the technical sense: a truth-claim carried by a recognized social form. It is not trying to be neutral history; it is trying to be a title deed. The move is Straussian in the obvious way: the exoteric surface is boring—“begot begot begot”—while the esoteric content is a polemic about who counts as Israel, what kind of king is being announced, and how impurity is smuggled into holiness. Three things dominate if you read it as deliberately composed rather than merely inherited. First, the numerology: 14-14-14 is not “accounting,” it’s David coded (DVD = 4+6+4). Matthew is compressing, skipping, and sanding names to force the pattern. That tells you the priority: not exhaustive memory but a Davidic signature. The genealogy is an icon, not an archive. Second, the women: the note claims “Hebrews took no notice of women,” which is half-true at best and misses Matthew’s point. He notices women when it serves the scandal. Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, “her that had been the wife of Urias”—each is a breach in the boundary system: incest-adjacent deception, Canaanite prostitute, Moabite outsider, adultery plus murder. This is not accidental garnish; it is a thesis: the messianic line advances through juridical irregularity and Gentile contamination. The Law is being fulfilled by being outplayed. If you want a darker reading: the “pure lineage” obsession is bait, and Matthew shows you, in four names, that the bloodline has always been compromised—therefore grace can claim the bastard, the foreigner, and the shamed without apologizing. Third, the hinge at v.16: the grammar swerves. Everyone “begot” until Jacob “begot Joseph,” and then Joseph is carefully demoted to “husband of Mary, of whom was born Jesus.” Matthew gives Joseph the legal line and then refuses him the biological act. That is a surgical way to keep the Davidic title while asserting a rupture in ordinary generation. The line is both continuous (legally) and discontinuous (miraculously), which is precisely what a sect needs when it is claiming the throne while denying the bedroom. Now juxtapose Genesis 49 with Matthew 1 and you get the same obsession expressed in two registers: sovereignty. Genesis says: Judah will rule until the One arrives. Matthew says: the One has arrived and here is the receipt, stamped “David.” The lion becomes a ledger. But there’s an uncomfortable seam: Genesis’ promise is about enduring Judahite governance—sceptre, law—while Matthew’s Christ arrives under foreign rule, in an age of client kings and imperial taxation. So Matthew’s genealogy is also a redefinition of “sceptre.” Power is being transposed from the public to the hidden: from throne to womb, from statute to “fulfillment,” from polity to person. That’s either theological genius or political defeat sublimated into metaphysics. Probably both. If you want the blunt critique: the Christian proof-texting move in the Genesis gloss is too eager and too confident about what “sceptre” means historically; it reads like a lawyer who already knows the verdict. Matthew is subtler: he doesn’t argue that Judah visibly rules; he argues that Davidic legitimacy persists as an invisible legal-mystical right, even when Rome owns the street. That’s the real continuity: not Jewish sovereignty, but Jewish categories repurposed. And the final ironical twist: Matthew’s painstaking patrimony culminates in a man who is not the biological father. The genealogy exists to establish a kingship that, in the story’s own terms, cannot be grounded in ordinary seed. The text both fetishizes descent and detonates it. That’s not a bug; it’s the point: the messiah is heir by Law, not by lust—an austere coup against the entire pagan logic of divine blood. So the pairing is coherent: Genesis supplies the royal myth (“lion,” “sceptre,” “expectation of nations”); Matthew supplies the administrative mechanism by which a marginal Galilean can be said to fulfill it. Myth plus memo. The sceptre becomes a sentence.
Semina Verbi
The lion-and-scepter imagery puts political power under a moral question: when does strength become protection rather than predation? Many traditions wrestle with that same tension. In Hindu thought, the king’s duty (raja-dharma) is legitimacy through restraint and care for the vulnerable; in Confucian political philosophy, authority is “mandated” only insofar as it is humane and ordered toward the common good, and it can be forfeited by corruption. Even Stoicism, skeptical of externals like rank, still speaks of leadership as a form of service governed by reason and justice. A genealogy is a spiritual claim about time: that meaning is carried through generations, not merely through private insight. That intuition resonates with Judaism’s strong sense of covenantal memory, with Islam’s attention to prophetic lineage and community (ummah) continuity, and with many indigenous traditions where ancestors are not just the past but a moral presence that shapes identity and obligation. At the same time, Buddhism’s suspicion of clinging to “I” and “mine” can function as a gentle critique: inherited status can become a trap unless transfigured into compassion. The inclusion of morally complicated family histories and socially marginal figures suggests that providence can work through tangled human stories rather than bypass them. That motif has echoes in Greek tragedy’s insistence that families transmit both blessing and burden, and in Hindu epic literature where dharma is discerned amid ambiguity rather than clean heroism. It also parallels a Taoist sensibility that the “crooked” and unexpected can be where the Way quietly advances, though any direct mapping is speculative. Finally, the repeated counting and ordering of generations feels like a human attempt to find pattern in exile, rupture, and return. Jewish liturgical time, the Islamic emphasis on remembering God in history, and even philosophical traditions like Platonism (with its sense that the visible world participates in deeper order) all recognize that hope often comes as a discipline of attention: learning to read significance in the long arc, without denying the cost borne by those who live each link in the chain.